Dari Sultan ke Santri: Konsep Kuasa dan Perubahan Otoritas Keagamaan dalam Masyarakat Jawa
From Sultan to Santri: Power and Changing Religious Authority in Javanese Society
Abstract
Despite having been successfully “Islamized” since the XVII century, the way Islam was practiced in general during that period undeniably differs from the current. In this essay, the shift from a society that leaned stronger on the side of adat (custom) towards one that is more orthodox and orthopraxical is connected with the change of religious authority in Javanese society. This essay argues that the traditional religious authority based on the notion of Power (as defined by Benedict Anderson) declined along with the weakening of the Javanese courts during the colonial era, thus making it possible for a new Islamic religious authority based on Scripture and prophetic teaching/tradition to take over.
Abstrak
Meski sebagian besar masyarakat Jawa sudah “terislamkan” sejak abad XVII, cara Islam dihayati dan dipraktikkan pada zaman itu tentu tidak sama persis dengan masa kini. Dalam makalah ini, perubahan dari masyarakat yang lebih condong para adat menuju masyarakat yang lebih agamis dan menghayati Islam secara lebih ortodoks dan ortopraktis dikaitkan dengan perubahan otoritas keagamaan dalam masyarakat Jawa. Argumen makalah ini adalah bahwa otoritas tradisional masyarakat Jawa yang sebelumnya berpusat pada konsep Kuasa (menurut pengertian Benedict Anderson) perlahan melemah seiring memudarnya pamor kerajaan-kerajaan Jawa pada masa kolonial sehingga pada tahap selanjutnya tergantikan oleh otoritas keagamaan Islam yang berorientasi pada Kitab Suci dan ajaran kenabian.
Kata-kata Kunci: Jawa, Mataram, Kuasa, Islam, Otoritas Keagamaan
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