A Critical Inquiry into Jürgen Habermas’ Hermeneutical Reflection as a Methodology of Social Science
Sebuah Catatan Kritis atas Konsep J. Habermas tentang Refleksi Hermeneutis sebagai Metode Ilmu Sosial
Abstract
This paper aims to examine and evaluate Habermas’ thoughts on hermeneutical reflection as a methodology of social science based on his work titled Zur Logik der Sozialwissenschaften (On The Logic of The Social Sciences). By starting from a theory of action approach focusing on the process of inquiring and understanding intentional action, Habermas developed a hermeneutical reflection approach emphasizing the importance of communicative experience between the researcher and the subject examined. This approach has emancipatory power because it encourages researchers to thoroughly identify the ideological elements of social reality researched. Apart from all the advantages of Habermas’ methodological thought, his thinking should be evaluated critically because there are problematic aspects when viewed through the lens of ontology, methodology/method, and axiology.
Abstrak
Tulisan ini hendak mengkaji dan mengevaluasi pemikiran Habermas tentang refleksi hermeneutis sebagai suatu metodologi ilmu sosial sebagaimana tertuang dalam karyanya Zur Logik der Sozialwissenschaften (On The Logic of The Social Sciences). Bertitik tolak dari pendekatan teori tindakan (theory of action) yang berfokus pada proses menelusuri dan memahami tindakan yang disengaja (intentional action), Habermas mengembangkan pendekatan refleksi hermeneutis yang menekankan pentingnya pengalaman komunikatif antara peneliti dan subjek yang diteliti. Pendekatan ini memiliki daya emansipatoris karena mendorong peneliti untuk menelanjangi realitas sosial yang ditelitinya sehingga unsur-unsur ideologis yang mengandaikan begitu saja kondisi subjek yang diteliti dapat teridentifikasi. Namun, terlepas dari segala keunggulannya, pemikiran Habermas ini patut dievaluasi secara kritis karena memuat beberapa hal yang problematik ketika ditinjau melalui kacamata ontologi, metodologi/metode, dan aksiologi.
Kata-Kata Kunci: Habermas, refleksi hermeneutis, Teori Tindakan (Theory of Action), kritik ideologi, intersubjektivitas
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