Michael Walzer Dan “Kesetaraan Yang Kompleks“
Abstract
Abstract: Michael Walzer’s Spheres of Justice is not only a critique of Rawls’ A Theory of Justice, but also an ambitious response to it. Unlike other thinkers labeled as communitarians, Walzer is not merely keen to provide us with a critique of Rawls, but he also develops an alternative view of how society ought to be. Walzer is interested in the matter of the methodology of a political theory. More precisely, he focuses on a theory of goods upon which a theory of justice is based and how we relate that to the conduct through which we believe such goods should be distributed. On this ground, he criticizes Rawls’ theory of justice and develops a new account of justice, which he calls “a regime of complex equality.” The purpose of this article is to show the merits of Walzer’s account of complex equality over the two substantive principles of justice defended by Rawls.
Keywords: complex equality, simple equality, domination, monopoly, theory of goods, distributive principles, pluralism, relativism, spheres of justice.
Abstrak: Karya Michael Walzer, Spheres of Justice bukanlah hanya suatu kritik atas karya Rawls, A Theory of Justice, melainkan juga merupakan suatu jawaban yang ambisius terhadapnya. Tidak seperti para pemikir komunitarian yang lain, Walzer tidak hanya berusaha menyediakan bagi kita suatu kritik atas Rawsl, melainkan juga mengembangkan suatu pandangan alternatif mengenai bagaimana masyarakat seharusnya dikembangkan. Minat utama Walzer adalah dalam hal metodologi suatu teori politik. Lebih tepatnya, dia memusatkan perhatian pada suatu teori barang-barang yang seharusnya mendasari suatu teori keadilan dan bagaimana teori ini menentukan perilaku mengenai cara-cara barang-barang tersebut seharusnya didistribusikan. Dengan dasar inilah dia membuat kritik yang tajam atas teori keadilan Rawls dan mengembangkan konsep keadilan baru yang ambisius, yakni suatu konsep yang disebutnya sebagai “kesetaraan yang kompleks.” Maksud dari artikel ini adalah untuk menunjukkan keunggulan teori “kesetaraan yang kompleks” ini atas dua prinsip keadilan yang dibela oleh Rawls.
Kata-kata Kunci: Kesetaraan yang kompleks, kesetaraan yang sederhana, dominasi, monopoli, teori barang-barang, prinsip-prinsip distribusi, pluralisme, relativisme, ruang-ruang keadilan.
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